Editing Patient Pathways: Myeloma (section)

= Myeloma =

Multiple myeloma is a relatively rare form of cancer that affects plasma cells. These are types of white blood cells that originate in the bone marrow. The function of plasma cells is to produce antibodies. Antibodies occur naturally in our immune system and help us protect ourselves from infections caused by agents such as bacteria or viruses. When plasma cells grow uncontrollably, they suppress the growth of other bone marrow cells. This can lead to conditions such as anemia, bleeding disorders, infections, and bone lesions. In most cases, there is also an abnormal production of non-functional antibodies called monoclonal protein. In multiple myeloma, a large amount of one type of abnormal antibody is produced, which has no beneficial role in the body.

Myeloma usually affects multiple sites in the body where blood cells are made in the bone marrow, most commonly within the bones of the spine, skull, pelvis, ribs, as well as in the shoulder and hip areas. That is why the disease is called multiple myeloma.

In Croatia, the incidence of multiple myeloma is gradually increasing, reflecting global trends. According to data from the Croatian National Cancer Registry, the annual incidence rate of multiple myeloma is about 4-6 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. This means approximately 200-250 new cases each year. The disease is more common in older adults, with most diagnoses occurring in people aged 65 and over.

Based on the stage, it can be divided into:

Stage I Beta-2-microglobulin in serum &lt;3.5 mg/dl and albumin in serum&gt; 3.5 g/dl

Stage II Not stage I or III

Stage III Definition Serum beta-2-microglobulin &gt; 5.5 mg/l

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