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=== [[hasDatabase::EHR:_THIN_Database_(European_Union)|EHR: THIN Database]] ===
=== [[hasDatabase::EHR:_THIN_Database_(European_Union)|EHR: THIN Database]] ===
[https://www.cegedim-health-data.com/cegedim-health-data/thin-the-health-improvement-network/]
'''Sponsor, manager or home institution:''' Cegedim Health Data.
'''Primary purpose:''' to provide precise, ethical, and actionable anonymized longitudinal health data for research and medical progress, supporting a range of stakeholders including researchers, healthcare practitioners, and pharmaceutical companies.
'''Type of information:''' The database includes groups of variables such as patient interaction data, diagnostic information, prescription and treatment data, medical actions and examinations, patient medical history, measurement and biological data, social and demographic information, reimbursement and pharmaceutical data, allergy and sensitivity records, and consolidated health attributes.
'''Data level:''' patient level
'''Number of Records:''' 69 million.
'''Cancer Areas of Interest:''' unknown.
'''Data access:''' Data is not publicly available. Instructions to request data for restricted content. [https://www.cegedim-health-data.com/cegedim-health-data/thin-the-health-improvement-network/]
'''Contact information:''' Information [https://www.cegedim-health-data.com/contact-us/].


=== [[hasDatabase::European_Health_Interview_Survey_(EHIS)_(European_Union_-_wide_Resources)|European Health Interview Survey (EHIS)]] ===
=== [[hasDatabase::European_Health_Interview_Survey_(EHIS)_(European_Union_-_wide_Resources)|European Health Interview Survey (EHIS)]] ===

Revision as of 12:19, 26 January 2024

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Administrative or Claims Data

Database: European Network of Centres for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance

Primary purpose: To serve as a centralized electronic index for EU research organizations, networks, and data sources in the fields of pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacovigilance. It aims to facilitate connections between researchers and study sponsors by providing information on expertise and research experience across Europe. The database allows users to identify relevant research centers, data sources, and patient registries based on various criteria.

Sponsor, manager or home institution: European Medicines Agency (EMA).

Type of information: Data Dictionary: European Network of Centres for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance [1].

Source of Information: The sources of the database are provided and maintained by the listed organizations, data providers, or registry holders.

Data level: national level and regional level..

Number of Records: unknown.

Date Range: unknown.

Cancer Areas of Interest: unknown.

Data Access: publicly available [2].

Contact Information: Information [3].

Registries

Compilation: Eurostat

Primary purpose: To measure the health status, health determinants, and the use of health care services among EU citizens. It also provides information on mortality patterns and serves as a significant source of public health information, including data on the underlying causes of death according to WHO definitions.

Sponsor, manager or home institution: Eurostat.

Type of cancer-related databases:

Surgical operations and procedures performed in hospitals by ICD-9-CM – historical data (1990-2016)

Surgical procedures

Preventive Cancer Screenings

Self-reported last breast examination by X-ray among women by age and educational attainment level

Self-reported last breast examination by X-ray among women by age and degree of urbanisation

Self-reported last cervical smear test among women by age and educational attainment level

Self-reported last cervical smear test among women by age and degree of urbanisation

Self-reported last colorectal cancer screening test by sex, age and educational attainment level

Self-reported last colorectal cancer screening test by sex, age and degree of urbanisation

Self-reported last colonoscopy by sex, age and educational attainment level

Self-reported last colonoscopy by sex, age and degree of urbanisation

Self-reported last colorectal cancer screening test by sex, age and income quintile

Self-reported last colonoscopy by sex, age and income quintile

Self-reported last breast examination by X-ray among women by age and income quintile

Self-reported last cervical smear test among women by age and income quintile

Breast cancer and cervical cancer screenings - historical data (2000-2021)

Self-reported cervical smear test by educational attainment level among women aged 20-69 (%)

Self-reported colorectal cancer screening test by sex, age and educational attainment level among people aged 50-74 (%)

Causes of death - deaths by country of residence and occurrence

Causes of death - standardised death rate by NUTS 2 region of residence

Causes of death - crude death rate by NUTS 2 region of residence

Causes of death - potential years of life lost by residence

Causes of death – death by country of residence and occurrence, monthly data

Causes of death – standardised death rate by country of residence, monthly data

Causes of death - deaths by NUTS 2 region of residence and occurrence, 3 year average

Causes of death - standardised death rate by NUTS 2 region of residence, 3 year average

Causes of death - crude death rate by NUTS 2 regions of residence, 3 year average

Causes of death - years and potential years of life lost by NUTS 2 regions of residence, 3 year average

Causes of death - infant mortality by country of residence

Causes of death - infant mortality by country of occurrence

Causes of death - infant mortality by NUTS 2 region of residence, 3 year average

Causes of death - infant mortality by NUTS 2 region of occurrence, 3 year average

Treatable and preventable mortality of residents by cause and sex

Infant deaths occurring in the country by cause

Infant deaths occurring in the EU by cause and age

Causes of death - absolute number

Causes of death - standardised death rate

Causes of death by NUTS 2 regions - crude death rate, 3 year average - females

Causes of death by NUTS 2 regions - crude death rate, 3 year average - males

Causes of death by NUTS 2 regions - crude death rate, 3 year average - total

Causes of death by NUTS 2 regions - absolute number, 3 year average - females

Causes of death by NUTS 2 regions - absolute number, 3 year average - males

Causes of death by NUTS 2 regions - absolute number, 3 year average - total

EU index of occupational diseases (2013=100) – experimental statistics

Death due to cancer, by sex

Death due to cancer by NUTS 2 regions

Data Access: Partially publicly available in Health [4]. Instructions to request data for restricted content [5].

Database: OECD Health Statistics

Sponsor, manager or home institution: The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

Primary purpose: Provides health data and metadata for OECD countries and selected non-member economies.

Type of information: Data Dictionary: OECD Health Statistics [6].

Source of Information: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and World Health Organisation Mortality Database.

Data level: national level.

Number of Records: unknown.

Date Range: 1960-2021.

Cancer Areas of Interest: OECD Health Statistics [7].

Data access: publicly available. [8]

(To access Cancer Morbidity data, click the link and click in the section "Cancer" from the "Health Status" list);

(To access Cancer Mortality data, click the link and click in the section "Causes of mortality" from the "Health Status" list -> in the table, select the type of neoplasm in the section "variable").

Contact information: Information [9].

Compilation: WHO Health Data

Sponsor, manager or home institution: World Health Organization (WHO).

Primary purpose: To collect and provide essential health-related statistics, including indicators related to demographics, health status, determinants, and resources.

Type of cancer-related databases:

Prevalence of cancer (%)

Number of new cases of cancer

Prevalence of cancer (%), males

Prevalence of cancer (%), females

Number of new cases of cancer, males

Number of new cases of cancer, females

Incidence of cancer per 100 000

Number of all cases of cancer at year's end

Number of all cases cancer at year's end, males

Number of all cases cancer at year's end, females

Number of new cases of trachea, bronchus and lung cancer

Incidence of female breast cancer per 100 000

Number of new cases of female breast cancer

Incidence of cervix uteri cancer per 100 000

Number of new cases of cervix uteri cancer

Incidence of cancer per 100 000, males

Incidence of cancer per 100 000, female

SDR, trachea/bronchus/lung cancer, 0–64, per 100 000

SDR, trachea/bronchus/lung cancer, all ages, per 100 000

SDR, trachea/bronchus/lung cancer, 65+, per 100 000

SDR, trachea/bronchus/lung cancer, 65+, per 100 000, males

SDR, trachea/bronchus/lung cancer, 65+, per 100 000, females

SDR, cancer of the cervix uteri, 0–64, per 100 000

SDR, cancer of the cervix uteri, all ages, per 100 000

SDR, cancer of the cervix uteri, 65+, per 100 000

Incidence of trachea, bronchus and lung cancer per 100 000

Number of new cases of trachea, bronchus and lung cancer, males

Number of new cases of trachea, bronchus and lung cancer, females

Incidence of trachea, bronchus and lung cancer per 100 000, males

Incidence of trachea, bronchus and lung cancer per 100 000, females

SDR, trachea/bronchus/lung cancer, 0–64, per 100 000, males

SDR, trachea/bronchus/lung cancer, 0–64, per 100 000, females

SDR, trachea/bronchus/lung cancer, all ages, per 100 000, males

SDR, trachea/bronchus/lung cancer, all ages, per 100 000, females

SDR, Malignant neoplasm female breast, 0–64, per 100 000

SDR, Malignant neoplasm female breast, all ages, per 100 000

SDR, Malignant neoplasm female breast, 65+, per 100 000

Hospital discharges, all neoplasms

SDR, Malignant neoplasms, 65+, per 100 000

Hospital discharges, all neoplasms per 100 000

SDR, Malignant neoplasms, 0–64, per 100 000

SDR, Malignant neoplasms, 0–64, per 100 000, males

SDR, Malignant neoplasms, 0–64, per 100 000, females

SDR, Malignant neoplasms, 65+, per 100 000, males

SDR, Malignant neoplasms, 65+, per 100 000, females

SDR, Malignant neoplasms, all ages, per 100 000

SDR, Malignant neoplasms, all ages, per 100 000, males

SDR, Malignant neoplasms, all ages, per 100 000, females

Data Access: Publicly available [10].

Contact information: Information in Contact Us [11].

Database: European Cancer Information System (ECIS)

Sponsor, manager or home institution: European Commission.

Primary purpose: To provide accurate and comparable data on cancer, including incidence, prevalence, survival, and mortality statistics, in order to monitor and assess the cancer burden, support health policy interventions, and facilitate cancer epidemiological research across Europe.

Type of information: Cancer incidence estimates; Mortality estimates; Incidence and mortality historical data; Childhood incidence historical data; Survival estimates.

Source of Information: The sources vary by the European population-based cancer registries participating in the corresponding projects/studies. More information [12].

Data level: European and National level.

Number of Records: Unknown.

Date Range: 1953 onwards. More information [13].

Cancer Areas of Interest: All.

Data access: Publicly available [14].

Contact information: Information [15].

Database: NordScreen

Sponsor, manager or home institution: Finnish Cancer Registry.

Primary purpose: To provide an interactive tool designed to present cervical cancer screening indicators in the Nordic countries.

Type of information: Country, Age groups, Year; Time interval; Test method; Test result; Test coverage; Test intensity.

Source of Information: The screening data originate from population-based screening registries varying from country to country.

Data level: National level.

Number of Records: Unknown.

Date Range: 1986 - 2019.

Cancer Areas of Interest: Malignant neoplasms of the cervix uteri (C53).

Data access: Publicly available [16]. More information [17].

Contact information: Information in Contacts [18].

Database: NORDCAN

Sponsor, manager or home institution: The Association of the Nordic Cancer Registries (ANCR).

Primary purpose: To provide a freely accessible database of comparable cancer statistics for the Nordic countries.

Type of information: Number of new cancer cases (incidence); Cancer mortality; Number of individuals living with a cancer diagnosis (prevalence); cancer survival; age; Country; year; sex.

Source of Information: The sources vary from each national cancer registry and cause of death registry.

Data level: national level.

Number of Records: unknown.

Date Range: 1943 onwards.

Cancer Areas of Interest: neoplasms (C00-D48).

Data access: publicly available [19].

Contact information: Information [20].

Databases for Clinical Trials, Surveys and Biobanks

SHARE - Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe

Sponsor, manager or home institution: National Institute on Aging (NIH); The Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF); The Max Planck Society Munich Centre for the Economics of Aging (MEA).

Primary purpose: To investigate the impacts of health, social, economic, and environmental policies on the life-course of European citizens and beyond, serving as a research infrastructure for this purpose.

Type of information: Questions about activities; Assets; Activity; Behavioral risk; Cognitive function; Children; Consumption; Demographics and networks; Employment and pensions; Expectations; Financial transfers; Gripstrength; Health care; Household income; Housing; Computer Use; Interviewer; Linking; Mental health; Physical health; Social Networks; Social support; Savings Regret; Time Expenditures; End of life interview. More information about the questionnaires [21]. The variables and datasets can be accessed according to each wave [22].

Data level: Respondent level.

Number of Records: 140.000 respondents.

Date Range: 2004 onwards.

Cancer Areas of Interest: Unknown.

Data access: Not publicly available. Instructions to request data for restricted content [23].

Contact information: Information [24].

European Health Interview Survey (EHIS)

Sponsor, manager or home institution: Eurostat.

Primary purpose: To measure the health status, health determinants, and healthcare access among EU citizens in a harmonized and comparable manner across Member States.

Type of information: Health status: General health status (Minimum European health module): self-perceived health, chronic morbidity and activity limitation; Disease-specific morbidity; Accidents and injuries; Health-related absenteeism from work; Physical and sensory functional limitations (also cognitive limitations in wave 3); Difficulties in personal care activities / activities of daily living and help received/needed; Household activities / Instrumental activities of daily living and help received/needed; Pain; Aspect of mental health (psychological distress and mental well-being in the first wave, depressive symptoms in the second and third waves); Work-related health problems (only in the first wave). Health care: Hospitalisation (in-patient and day care); Consultations with doctors and dentists; Visits to specific health professionals; Use of home care services; Use of medicines; Healthcare preventive actions; Unmet needs for health care; Out-of-pocket payments for medical care (only in the first wave); Satisfaction with services provided by healthcare providers (only in the first wave); Visits to specific categories of alternative medicine practitioners (only in the first wave). Health determinants: Height and weight; Physical activity/exercise; Consumption of fruits, vegetables and juice; Drinking sugar-sweetened soft drinks (only in the third wave); Tobacco smoking behaviour and exposure to tobacco smoke; Use of e-cigarettes or similar electronic devices (only in the third wave); Alcohol consumption; Social support; Provision of informal care or assistance (only in the second and third waves); Illicit drug use (only in the first wave); Environment (only in the first wave); Background variables on demography and socio-economic characteristics. Age; Sex; Educational attainment level; Income quintile group; Degree of urbanization; Country of birth; Country of citizenship; Activity limitation.

Data level: Respondent level.

Number of Records: Population aged 15 or over living in private households residing in the territory of the EU countries.

Date Range: 2006-2020.

Cancer Areas of Interest: Malignant neoplasm of the trachea (C33); Malignant neoplasm of the bronchus and lung (C34); Malignant neoplasm of the colon (C18); Malignant neoplasm of the rectosigmoid junction (C19); Malignant neoplasm of the rectum (C20); Malignant neoplasm of the breast (C50); Malignant neoplasm of the cervix uteri (C53); Malignant neoplasm of the prostate (C61).

Data access: Partially publicly available [25]. Instructions to request data for restricted content [26].

Contact information: Information [27].

Electronic Health Records

EHR: THIN Database

[28]

Sponsor, manager or home institution: Cegedim Health Data.

Primary purpose: to provide precise, ethical, and actionable anonymized longitudinal health data for research and medical progress, supporting a range of stakeholders including researchers, healthcare practitioners, and pharmaceutical companies.

Type of information: The database includes groups of variables such as patient interaction data, diagnostic information, prescription and treatment data, medical actions and examinations, patient medical history, measurement and biological data, social and demographic information, reimbursement and pharmaceutical data, allergy and sensitivity records, and consolidated health attributes.

Data level: patient level

Number of Records: 69 million.

Cancer Areas of Interest: unknown.

Data access: Data is not publicly available. Instructions to request data for restricted content. [29]

Contact information: Information [30].

European Health Interview Survey (EHIS)

Sponsor, manager or home institution: Cegedim Health Data

Primary purpose: to provide precise, ethical, and actionable anonymized longitudinal health data for research and medical progress, supporting a range of stakeholders including researchers, healthcare practitioners, and pharmaceutical companies.

Type of information: The database includes groups of variables such as patient interaction data, diagnostic information, prescription and treatment data, medical actions and examinations, patient medical history, measurement and biological data, social and demographic information, reimbursement and pharmaceutical data, allergy and sensitivity records, and consolidated health attributes.

Data level: patient level

Number of Records: 69 million.

Cancer Areas of Interest: unknown.

Data access: Data is not publicly available. Instructions to request data for restricted content. [31]

Contact information: Information. [32].

Clinical Practices Guidelines

Compilation: ESMO Guidelines

Sponsor, manager or home institution: European Society for Medical Oncology.

Primary purpose: Give providers recommendations prepared and reviewed by leading experts in each topic to help patients with the best care available.

Available guidelines: Available Guidelines: ESMO Guidelines.

Type of information: Guidelines for each step in the cancer journey including information on incidence and epidemiology; diagnosis, pathology and molecular biology; staging and risk assessment; management of advanced and metastatic disease; personalised medicine; long-term implications and survivorship; among other information specific to each cancer type. All guidelines have references and methodology sections.

Access to information: List of guidelines [33].

Latest Policymaking Initiatives

Data Tool: European Core Health Indicators (ECHI)

Sponsor, manager or home institution: European Commission; Eurostat.

Primary purpose: Provides an interactive platform for accessing a comprehensive set of health indicators, curated by experts, to offer comparable and relevant insights into health and health systems across Europe.

Type of information: Country; Year; Determinants of health indicators; Standardised death rate malignant neoplasm per 100.000 inhabitants total population; Standardised death rate malignant neoplasm per 100.000 inhabitants by sex: Malignant neoplasm of stomach; Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung, Malignant neoplasm of breast; Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri; Malignant neoplasm of prostate; Malignant neoplasm of colon, rectosigmoid junction, rectum, anus and anal canal; Malignant melanoma of skin; Malignant neoplasm of lymphatic/haematopoietic tissue; Crude death rate per 100,000 inhabitants: all childhood cancers, total population of children; Crude death rate per 100,000 inhabitants: all childhood cancers by sex; Proportion of women (aged 50-69) reporting a mammography in the past 2 years; Proportion of women with low, medium and high education level reporting a mammography in the past 2 years; Proportion of women (aged 20-69) reporting a pap smear test in the past 3 years; Proportion of women with low, medium and high education level reporting a pap smear test in the past 3 years; In-patient average length of stay of total population for neoplasms; Proportion of people (aged 50-74) reporting a colorectal cancer screening in the past 2 years; Proportion of people by sex (aged 50-74) reporting a colorectal cancer screening in the past 2 years; Proportion of persons with low, medium and high education level reporting a colorectal cancer screening in the past 2 years; Hospital discharges of total population in-patients for neoplasms per 100,000 inhabitants; Hospital day-cases of total population for neoplasms per 100,000 inhabitants; Hospital day-cases as % of total patient population, for neoplasms (ISHMT code 0200 = ICD-10 codes C00-D48); Number of partial excision of mammary gland per 100,000 inhabitants; Number of total mastectomy per 100,000 inhabitants; Relative survival rate for cancers, all patients and by sex (ICD-10 C00-C97).

Data level: EU level and National level.

Data Access: Partially publicly available [34]. Instructions to request data for restricted content [35].

Contact Information: Information [36].

Report: Commercial determinants of cancer control policy (Eurohealth)

Sponsor, manager or home institution: European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies; Eurohealth.

Primary purpose: To examine and analyze the commercial determinants of cancer control policy and provide insights into how to govern them across the cancer continuum for the benefit of governments and the international community.

Type of information: The dark side of the commercial determinants of cancer policy; Countering corporate tactics for better cancer prevention; The commercial drivers of cancer screening; Non-pharmaceutical technologies in cancer care; Commerical determinants of cancer medicines; Commercial and social determinants in palliative care; The role of governments and international agencies; Ethical questions surrounding the commercial determinants of health.

Data level: Global level.

Access to information: Access Information [37].

Report: Europe's Beating Cancer Plan

Sponsor, manager or home institution: European Commission.

Primary purpose: To provide a comprehensive overview of cancer-related policies and initiatives in Europe, aiming to address various aspects of cancer prevention, care, and research, while strengthening the European Health Union and enhancing EU preparedness and resilience.

Type of information: Introduction to a Cancer Plan for Europe; Modern Approaches to Cancer; Sustainable Cancer Prevention; Improving Early Detection of Cancer; Ensuring High Standards in Cancer Care; Improving the Quality of Life for Cancer Patients, Survivors, and Carers; Reducing Cancer Inequalities Across the EU; Childhood Cancer; Funding; International Collaboration and Coordination; Implementation and Governance.

Data level: European level.

Access to information: Access Information [38].

Report: Cancer Incidence in Five Continents

Sponsor, manager or home institution: The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).

Primary purpose: Serves as a comprehensive resource for cancer researchers by compiling quinquennial data on incident cancers from high-quality registries worldwide.

Type of information: For European countries: Major cancers incidence; No. cases by sex; Frequencie (%) by sex; Crude rate (per 100 000) by sex; Cum. rates; Age class; ASR world; ICD-10.

Data level: Global level.

Access to information: Access Information [39].

Report: Childhood cancer inequalities in the WHO European Region

Sponsor, manager or home institution: World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe.

Primary purpose: To highlight and address inequalities in childhood cancer care across the WHO European Region by compiling evidence and making recommendations to improve the quality of care for children with cancer.

Type of information: The conceptual approach to childhood cancer inequalities; Relevant factors and their magnitude; Inequalities across countries; Main indicators; Universal health coverage across the cancer continuum; Gender as a cause of inequalities; Parental socioeconomic and education status as a driver of inequalities; Geographic causes of inequalities and the urban/rural divide; Other inequalities; Somatic late effects in children with cancer; Mental health and quality of life; Impact of illness and treatment on schooling and other aspects of health and well-being; Effect of the child’s disease on the family; Reducing inequalities in childhood cancer between countries; Reducing inequalities in childhood cancer within countries; Reducing inequalities faced by survivors of childhood cancer; Global proportional distribution of cancer type by age group; Factors influencing childhood cancer inequalities; Leukaemia incidence and mortality; Estimated age-standardized mortality rates (world) in 2020; Mortality-to-incidence ratio; Proportion of childhood cancer patients living in urban and rural areas; Average number of days from diagnosis to first treatment.

Data level: European level.

Access to information: Access Information [40].

Report: Cancer Care: Assuring Quality to Improve Survival

Sponsor, manager or home institution: OECD.

Primary purpose: To survey policy trends in cancer care, analyze survival rates, and provide recommendations for governments to improve cancer care quality and reduce the burden of cancer in their countries.

Type of information: Cancer care systems; Resources for cancer care; Cancer care practices; Governance of cancer care systems; Exploratory quantitative analysis; Policy recommendations; A list of experts on cancer care systems.

Data level: European level.

Access to information: Access Information [41].

Report: Cancer screening in the European Union

Sponsor, manager or home institution: European Commission.

Primary purpose: To provide scientific advice on improving cancer screening across the EU.

Type of information: EU’s competence to act on cancer screening; The von der Leyen Commission; EU’s cancer screening initiatives; The evidence review report (ERR) by the Science Advice for Policy by European Academies consortium; Use of artificial intelligence and machine learning in cancer screening; Improving the participation in cancer screening; Making access to screening easy; Shared decision making; Recommendations.

Data level: European level.

Access to information: Access Information [42].

Fact sheet: Alcohol and cancer in the WHO European Region: an appeal for better prevention

Sponsor, manager or home institution: WHO Regional Office for Europe.

Primary purpose: To provide information and policy options for reducing the alcohol-attributable cancer burden in the WHO European Region and to emphasize the effectiveness of cost-effective alcohol control policies in achieving this goal.

Type of information: The incidence of alcohol-attributable cancers within the WHO European Region; Age-standardized rates of cancer cases in Europe caused by alcohol, per 100.000; Proportion of cancer deaths, per cancer type, that are attributable to alcohol, by sex; Cancer cases and deaths caused by alcohol in the WHO European Region, by sex and cancer site; Proportion of cancer cases due to alcohol in the WHO European Region, by cancer type and drinking level; Number of new cancer cases that could have been prevented in 2018 by increasing alcohol excise tax in four European countries; Which cancers are caused by alcohol; Is there a safe level of drinking?; The combined risk of using alcohol and tobacco; Policy options to reduce alcohol-attributable cancers.

Data level: European level.

Access to information: Access Information [43].

Guide: Screening programmes: a short guide. Increase effectiveness, maximize benefits and minimize harm

Sponsor, manager or home institution: WHO Regional Office for Europe.

Primary purpose: To provide guidance to policy-makers and public health leads in the WHO European Region on planning, designing, and implementing effective screening programs while considering evidence-based decision-making, quality assurance, and minimizing potential harm, costs, and burdens on the healthcare system.

Type of information: Aims of screening programmes; Wilson & Jungner’s principles of screening; Screening programmes as pathways; Understanding how screening tests work in practice; Benefits and harm of screening; Balancing benefits and harm; Deciding whether to start or stop a screening programme; Designing effective screening programmes; Operational readiness; Operating a screening programme; Monitoring and evaluation.

Data level: European level.

Access to information: Access Information [44].

Initiatives: The European Commission Initiatives on Breast (ECIBC) and Colorectal Cancer (ECICC)

Sponsor, manager or home institution: European Commission.

Primary purpose: To enhance the quality and accessibility of breast and colorectal cancer prevention, screening, and care in Europe by developing evidence-based guidelines and a voluntary quality assurance scheme for these services.

Type of information: What is the initiatives; The Need for the Initiative; Beneficiaries; Implementation; European Cancer Guidelines; Updating Strategy; European Quality Assurance Scheme; Requirements; Developing the Quality Assurance Scheme; Implementing the Quality Assurance Scheme; Additional Tools.

Data level: European level.

Access to information: Access Information [45].

Cancer-related Patient Associations and Resources

Patient Association: European Cancer Patient Coalition

Primary purpose: To empower European cancer organizations and patients, foster cooperation, influence cancer-related policies, remain vigilant on emerging topics, and advocate for patient-centricity in cancer research to ensure equality in access to cancer treatment and care.

Contact information: Contact information [46].

Patient Association: Digestive Cancers Europe

Primary purpose: To improve early diagnosis, decrease mortality, and enhance overall survival and quality of life for patients with digestive cancers through a collaborative European network.

Contact information: Information [47].

Patient Association: EUROPA UOMO - The European Prostate Cancer Coalition

Primary purpose: To advocate for prostate cancer patients across Europe, striving to enhance diagnosis, treatment, support, quality of life, research, and policy influence while fostering collaboration with healthcare professionals and member organizations.

Contact information: Information [48].

Patient Association: EUROPA DONNA - European Breast Cancer Coalition

Primary purpose: To advocate for women in Europe by raising awareness of breast cancer, promoting education, advocating for screening, treatment, and research funding to improve breast cancer outcomes.

Contact information: Information [49].

Patient Association: LuCE - Lung Cancer Europe

Primary purpose: To be the voice of Europeans impacted by lung cancer, collaborating with members and stakeholders to destigmatize the disease, ensure access to optimal care, and empower lung cancer patient advocacy across Europe.

Contact information: Information [50].