Novel Therapies and Diagnostic Methods (Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico): Difference between revisions

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(Created page with "=== Diagnostics === {| class="wikitable" ! Radiology !! !! !! |- | '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availibility''' || '''Uses per year''' |- | Machine || CT scanners || Yes || |- | Machine || MRI (specify the strength and field of the techniques) || Yes || |- | Machine || Mammography (please specify analogic mammography or digital) || Yes || |- | Machine || Ultrasound || Yes || |- | Technique || MRI-guided biopsy || Yes || |- | Technique || Stereostatic biopsy ||...")
 
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Go back to [[Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico]] page
[[Glossary|Click here for a Glossary of terms used in this page]]
=== Screening: Cancer prevention and screening ===
'''Primary purpose:''' To inform the public about free, population-based cancer screening programs—breast, cervical, and colorectal—explaining who is eligible, what tests are offered, how the invitation system works, and how to access screenings at no cost.
'''Contact information:''' [https://www.sanita.puglia.it/web/guest/screening-oncologici Click here to access].
=== Diagnostics ===
=== Diagnostics ===


Line 4: Line 16:
! Radiology !!  !!  !!  
! Radiology !!  !!  !!  
|-
|-
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availibility''' || '''Uses per year'''
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availability''' || '''Uses per year'''
|-
| Machine || CT scanners || yes ||
|-
| Machine || slices per machine (CT) || yes ||
|-
| Machine || MRI (specify the strength and field of the techniques) || yes ||
|-
| Machine || Mammography (please specify analogic mammography or digital) || yes ||
|-
| Machine || Digitalised imaging (PACS) || yes ||
|-
| Machine || Digitalised imaging (RIS) || yes ||
|-
| Machine || Ultrasound || yes ||
|-
|-
| Machine || CT scanners || Yes ||  
| Machine || Gamma Camera || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Machine || MRI (specify the strength and field of the techniques) || Yes ||  
| Technique || MRI-guided biopsy || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Machine || Mammography (please specify analogic mammography or digital) || Yes ||  
| Technique || Ultrasound-Guided Transcutaneous Tru-Cut Biopsy (USGTCB) || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Machine || Ultrasound || Yes ||  
| Technique || Stereostatic biopsy || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || MRI-guided biopsy || Yes ||  
| Technique || Ultrasound guided biopsy || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || Stereostatic biopsy || Yes ||  
| Technique || EBUS-TBNA || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || Ultrasound guided biopsy || Yes ||  
| Technique || CT guided biopsis || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || EBUS-TBNA || Yes ||  
| Technique || E/S Fine-needle biopsy || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) || Yes ||  
| Technique || Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || Angiography || Yes ||  
| Technique || Angiography || yes ||  
|-
|-
! Nuclear Medicine !!  !!  !!  
! Nuclear Medicine !!  !!  !!  
|-
|-
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availibility''' || '''Uses per year'''
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availability''' || '''Uses per year'''
|-
| Machine || Pet Scan || yes ||
|-
| Machine || PET CT || yes ||
|-
| Machine || PET/MRI || yes ||
|-
| Facility || Radionuclide treatment facilities || yes ||
|-
| Machine || SPECT || yes ||
|-
|-
| Machine || Pet Scan || Yes ||  
| Machine || SPECT CT || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Machine || PET CT || Yes ||  
| Technique || Sentinel node scintigraphy || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || Bone scintigraphy || Yes ||  
| Technique || Bone scintigraphy || yes ||  
|-
|-
! Pathology !!  !!  !!  
! Pathology !!  !!  !!  
|-
|-
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availibility''' || '''Uses per year'''
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availability''' || '''Uses per year'''
|-
| Machine || Electron microscopy || yes ||
|-
| Facility || Cytology laboratory || yes ||
|-
| Facility || Histopathology laboratory || yes ||
|-
| Technique || Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) || yes ||
|-
| Technique || FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) || yes ||
|-
| Technique || PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) || yes ||
|-
|-
| Facility || Cytology laboratory || Yes ||  
| Technique || Cytometry || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Facility || Histopathology laboratory || Yes ||  
| Technique || Liquid biopsy || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) || Yes ||  
| Technique || Immunofluorescence techniques || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) || Yes ||  
| Technique || Histochemistry || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || Liquid biopsy || Yes ||  
| Technique || Techniques for molecular pathology || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || Histochemistry || Yes ||  
| Technique || Cytogenetics || yes ||  
|-
|-
! Pathology: Molecular Tests !!  !!  !!  
! Pathology: Molecular Tests !!  !!  !!  
|-
|-
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availibility''' || '''Uses per year'''
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availability''' || '''Uses per year'''
|-
| Technique || PGR || yes ||
|-
| Technique || KI-67 || yes ||
|-
| Technique || PDL1 || yes ||
|-
| Technique || PI3KCA || yes ||
|-
| Technique || ER || yes ||
|-
|-
| Technique || PI3KCA || Yes ||  
| Technique || KRAS || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || KRAS || Yes ||  
| Technique || BRAF || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || BRAF || Yes ||  
| Technique || NTRK || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || NTRK || Yes ||  
| Technique || RET || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || RET || Yes ||  
| Technique || MET || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || MET || Yes ||  
| Technique || EGFR || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || EGFR || Yes ||  
| Technique || ALK || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || ALK || Yes ||  
| Technique || ROS || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || ROS || Yes ||  
| Technique || HER2 status || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || COMPREHENSIVE MOLECULAR PANELS || Yes ||  
| Technique || COMPREHENSIVE MOLECULAR PANELS || yes ||  
|-
|-
! Others !!  !!  !!  
! Others !!  !!  !!  
|-
|-
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availibility''' || '''Uses per year'''
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availability''' || '''Uses per year'''
|-
| Technique || Bronchoscopy || yes ||
|-
| Technique || Colposcopy || yes ||
|-
|-
| Technique || Bronchoscopy || Yes ||  
| Technique || Colonoscopy || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || Colposcopy || Yes ||  
| Technique || Vulvoscopy || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || Colonoscopy || Yes ||  
| Technique || Hysteroscopy || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || Hysteroscopy || Yes ||  
| Technique || Video dermatoscopy || yes ||  
|}
|}


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! Surgical Oncology !!  !!  !!  
! Surgical Oncology !!  !!  !!  
|-
|-
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availibility''' || '''Uses per year'''
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availability''' || '''Uses per year'''
|-
|-
| Specialist || Breast surgery || 4 ||  
| Specialist || Breast surgery || 4 ||  
|-
|-
| Specialist || Urological surgery || Yes ||  
| Specialist || Urological surgery || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Specialist || Thoracic surgery || 7 ||  
| Specialist || Thoracic surgery || 7 ||  
|-
|-
| Specialist || Digestive surgery || Yes ||  
| Specialist || Digestive surgery || yes ||
|-
| Specialist || Neurosurgery || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Specialist || Gynaecological surgery || Yes ||  
| Specialist || Gynaecological surgery || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Specialist || Soft tissue surgery || Yes ||  
| Specialist || Head and neck surgery || yes ||
|-
| Specialist || Soft tissue surgery || yes ||
|-
| Specialist || Orthopaedic surgery || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Specialist || Oncoplastic surgery || 6 ||  
| Specialist || Oncoplastic surgery || 6 ||  
|-
|-
| Specialist || ENT surgery || 4 ||  
| Specialist || Paediatric surgery || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || Robotic surgery || Yes ||  
| Specialist || ENT surgery || yes ||
|-
| Specialist || Sarcoma surgery || yes ||
|-
| Technique || Video-assisted thoracoscopy || yes ||
|-
| Technique || Robotic surgery || yes ||  
|-
|-
! Radiotherapy !!  !!  !!  
! Radiotherapy !!  !!  !!  
|-
|-
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availibility''' || '''Uses per year'''
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availability''' || '''Uses per year'''
|-
| Machine || Linear accelerators || yes ||
|-
| Machine || Linear accelerators with IMRT/VMAT || yes ||
|-
| Machine || Linear accelerators with IGRT || yes ||
|-
| Technique || Stereotactic radiotherapy || yes ||
|-
| Technique || Thermal ablation (with radiofrequency or microwave) || yes  ||
|-
|-
| Machine || Linear accelerators || Yes ||  
| Technique || Intraoperative Radiotherapy (IORT) || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Machine || Linear accelerators with IMRT/VMAT || Yes ||  
| Technique || 3D conformal radiotherapy || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Machine || Linear accelerators with IGRT || Yes ||  
| Technique || Radiosurgery || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || Stereotactic radiotherapy || Yes ||  
| Technique || Proton therapy || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || Intraoperative Radiotherapy (IORT) || Yes ||  
| Technique || Respiratory motion management || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || 3D conformal radiotherapy || Yes ||  
| Technique || CT planning || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || Radiosurgery || Yes ||  
| Technique || Magnetic resonance for radiotherapy treatment planning || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || CT planning || Yes ||  
| Technique || PET CT treatment planning || yes ||  
|-
|-
! Hemato-Oncology / Bone Marrow Transplants !!  !!  !!  
! Hemato-Oncology / Bone Marrow Transplants !!  !!  !!  
|-
|-
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availibility''' || '''Uses per year'''
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availability''' || '''Uses per year'''
|-
|-
| Facility || Transfusion Unit || Yes ||  
| Facility || Transfusion Unit || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Facility || Bone marrow / stem cell bank || Yes ||  
| Facility || Bone marrow / stem cell bank || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || Allogenic stem cell transplants || Yes ||  
| Technique || Allogenic stem cell transplants || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || Autologous bone marrow transplants || Yes ||  
| Technique || Autologous bone marrow transplants || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Technique || Autologous stem cell transplants || Yes ||  
| Technique || Autologous stem cell transplants || yes ||  
|-
|-
! Specialists !!  !!  !!  
! Specialists !!  !!  !!
|-
|-
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availibility''' || '''Uses per year'''
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availability''' || '''Uses per year'''
|-
|-
| Specialist || Physician with a specialisation in palliative care || Yes ||  
| Specialist || Physician with a specialisation in palliative care || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Specialist || Medical oncologist || 9 ||  
| Specialist || Medical oncologist || 9 ||  
|-
|-
| Specialist || Physician specialised in pain treatment || Yes ||  
| Specialist || Nurse with a specialisation/certification in palliative care || yes ||
|-
| Specialist || Nurse with a specialization/certification in oncology || yes ||
|-
| Specialist || Physician specialised in pain treatment || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Specialist || Neurologist || Yes ||  
| Specialist || Neurologist || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Specialist || Lung physician || Yes ||  
| Specialist || Lung physician || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Specialist || Radiotherapist || Yes ||  
| Specialist || Radiotherapist || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Specialist || Psychologist or Psychotherapist || Yes ||  
| Specialist || Psychologist or Psychotherapist || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Specialist || Pharmacist || Yes ||  
| Specialist || Psychiatrist || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Specialist || Social worker || Yes ||  
| Specialist || Pharmacist || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Specialist || Spiritual care || Yes ||  
| Specialist || Social worker || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Specialist || Physiotherapist || Yes ||  
| Specialist || Spiritual care || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Specialist || Dietitian || Yes ||  
| Specialist || Physiotherapist || yes ||
|-
| Specialist || Dietitian || yes ||  
|-
|-
! Others !!  !!  !!  
! Others !!  !!  !!  
|-
|-
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availibility''' || '''Uses per year'''
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availability''' || '''Uses per year'''
|-
| Machine || Endoprosthesis || yes ||
|-
| Technique || Interventional Endoscopy || yes ||
|-
| Technique || Rigid Bronchoscopy || yes ||
|-
| Technique || Embolization with microparticles || yes ||
|-
| Technique || Biliary drainage || yes ||
|-
| Facility || Clinical Trial Center || yes ||
|-
|-
| Machine || Endoprosthesis || Yes ||  
| Facility || Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit || yes ||  
|-
|-
| Facility || Clinical Trial Center || Yes ||  
| Technique || Peritoneal drainage || yes ||  
|}
|}


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| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availibility''' || '''Uses per year'''
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availibility''' || '''Uses per year'''
|-
|-
| Facility || Smoking detoxification center || Yes ||  
| Facility || Lung cancer screening program || yes || 1400 patients
|-
| Facility || Breast cancer screening program || yes ||
|-
| Facility || Cervical cancer screening program || yes ||
|-
| Facility || Colorectal cancer screening program || yes ||
|-
| Facility || Smoking detoxification center || yes ||
|}
 
=== Quality of Life ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Quality of Life !!  !!  !!
|-
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availibility''' || '''Uses per year'''
|-
| Facility || Supportive care unit || yes ||
|-
| Facility || Phone/mail contact service || yes ||
|-
| Facility || Survivorship program || yes ||
|}
 
=== Palliative Care ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Palliative Care !!  !!  !!
|-
| '''Type''' || '''Name''' || '''Availibility''' || '''Uses per year'''
|-
| Facility || Hospice unit (in the hospital structure or affiliated) || yes ||
|-
| Facility || Home palliative care availability || yes ||  
|}
|}
<span style="display:none">hasCancerType::C00-D48: All neoplasms</span>
<span style="display:none">hasCancerType::C00-C97: All cancer types</span>
<span style="display:none">hasCancerType::C00-C14: Mouth/throat cancers</span>
<span style="display:none">hasCancerType::C15-C26: Digestive system cancers</span>
<span style="display:none">hasCancerType::C30-C39: Lung/chest cancers</span>
<span style="display:none">hasCancerType::C40-C41: Bone cancers</span>
<span style="display:none">hasCancerType::C43-C44: Skin cancers/melanoma</span>
<span style="display:none">hasCancerType::C45-C49: Soft tissue cancer</span>
<span style="display:none">hasCancerType::C50: Breast cancer</span>
<span style="display:none">hasCancerType::C51-C58: Female genitalia cancers</span>
<span style="display:none">hasCancerType::C60-C63: Male genitalia cancer</span>
<span style="display:none">hasCancerType::C64-C68: Urinary system cancers</span>
<span style="display:none">hasCancerType::C69-C72: Eye and brain cancer</span>
<span style="display:none">hasCancerType::C73-C75: Thyroid and other gland cancers</span>
<span style="display:none">hasCancerType::C76-C80: Cancers of unknown or unspecified areas</span>
<span style="display:none">hasCancerType::C81-C96: Cancers of the blood and immune system</span>
<span style="display:none">hasCancerType::C97-C97: Cancers in multiple locations from the start</span>
<span style="display:none">hasCancerType::D00-D09: Early-stage cancers not yet spread</span>
<span style="display:none">hasCancerType::D10-D36: Benign tumour</span>
<span style="display:none">hasCancerType::D37-D48: Growths of uncertain nature</span>
<span style="display:none">hasCancerType::unknown</span>
<span style="display:none">isScreening</span>

Latest revision as of 18:28, 11 December 2025

forresearchers forpatients forproviders italycountry Go back to Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico page

Click here for a Glossary of terms used in this page

Screening: Cancer prevention and screening[edit | edit source]

Primary purpose: To inform the public about free, population-based cancer screening programs—breast, cervical, and colorectal—explaining who is eligible, what tests are offered, how the invitation system works, and how to access screenings at no cost.

Contact information: Click here to access.

Diagnostics[edit | edit source]

Radiology
Type Name Availability Uses per year
Machine CT scanners yes
Machine slices per machine (CT) yes
Machine MRI (specify the strength and field of the techniques) yes
Machine Mammography (please specify analogic mammography or digital) yes
Machine Digitalised imaging (PACS) yes
Machine Digitalised imaging (RIS) yes
Machine Ultrasound yes
Machine Gamma Camera yes
Technique MRI-guided biopsy yes
Technique Ultrasound-Guided Transcutaneous Tru-Cut Biopsy (USGTCB) yes
Technique Stereostatic biopsy yes
Technique Ultrasound guided biopsy yes
Technique EBUS-TBNA yes
Technique CT guided biopsis yes
Technique E/S Fine-needle biopsy yes
Technique Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) yes
Technique Angiography yes
Nuclear Medicine
Type Name Availability Uses per year
Machine Pet Scan yes
Machine PET CT yes
Machine PET/MRI yes
Facility Radionuclide treatment facilities yes
Machine SPECT yes
Machine SPECT CT yes
Technique Sentinel node scintigraphy yes
Technique Bone scintigraphy yes
Pathology
Type Name Availability Uses per year
Machine Electron microscopy yes
Facility Cytology laboratory yes
Facility Histopathology laboratory yes
Technique Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) yes
Technique FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) yes
Technique PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) yes
Technique Cytometry yes
Technique Liquid biopsy yes
Technique Immunofluorescence techniques yes
Technique Histochemistry yes
Technique Techniques for molecular pathology yes
Technique Cytogenetics yes
Pathology: Molecular Tests
Type Name Availability Uses per year
Technique PGR yes
Technique KI-67 yes
Technique PDL1 yes
Technique PI3KCA yes
Technique ER yes
Technique KRAS yes
Technique BRAF yes
Technique NTRK yes
Technique RET yes
Technique MET yes
Technique EGFR yes
Technique ALK yes
Technique ROS yes
Technique HER2 status yes
Technique COMPREHENSIVE MOLECULAR PANELS yes
Others
Type Name Availability Uses per year
Technique Bronchoscopy yes
Technique Colposcopy yes
Technique Colonoscopy yes
Technique Vulvoscopy yes
Technique Hysteroscopy yes
Technique Video dermatoscopy yes

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Surgical Oncology
Type Name Availability Uses per year
Specialist Breast surgery 4
Specialist Urological surgery yes
Specialist Thoracic surgery 7
Specialist Digestive surgery yes
Specialist Neurosurgery yes
Specialist Gynaecological surgery yes
Specialist Head and neck surgery yes
Specialist Soft tissue surgery yes
Specialist Orthopaedic surgery yes
Specialist Oncoplastic surgery 6
Specialist Paediatric surgery yes
Specialist ENT surgery yes
Specialist Sarcoma surgery yes
Technique Video-assisted thoracoscopy yes
Technique Robotic surgery yes
Radiotherapy
Type Name Availability Uses per year
Machine Linear accelerators yes
Machine Linear accelerators with IMRT/VMAT yes
Machine Linear accelerators with IGRT yes
Technique Stereotactic radiotherapy yes
Technique Thermal ablation (with radiofrequency or microwave) yes
Technique Intraoperative Radiotherapy (IORT) yes
Technique 3D conformal radiotherapy yes
Technique Radiosurgery yes
Technique Proton therapy yes
Technique Respiratory motion management yes
Technique CT planning yes
Technique Magnetic resonance for radiotherapy treatment planning yes
Technique PET CT treatment planning yes
Hemato-Oncology / Bone Marrow Transplants
Type Name Availability Uses per year
Facility Transfusion Unit yes
Facility Bone marrow / stem cell bank yes
Technique Allogenic stem cell transplants yes
Technique Autologous bone marrow transplants yes
Technique Autologous stem cell transplants yes
Specialists
Type Name Availability Uses per year
Specialist Physician with a specialisation in palliative care yes
Specialist Medical oncologist 9
Specialist Nurse with a specialisation/certification in palliative care yes
Specialist Nurse with a specialization/certification in oncology yes
Specialist Physician specialised in pain treatment yes
Specialist Neurologist yes
Specialist Lung physician yes
Specialist Radiotherapist yes
Specialist Psychologist or Psychotherapist yes
Specialist Psychiatrist yes
Specialist Pharmacist yes
Specialist Social worker yes
Specialist Spiritual care yes
Specialist Physiotherapist yes
Specialist Dietitian yes
Others
Type Name Availability Uses per year
Machine Endoprosthesis yes
Technique Interventional Endoscopy yes
Technique Rigid Bronchoscopy yes
Technique Embolization with microparticles yes
Technique Biliary drainage yes
Facility Clinical Trial Center yes
Facility Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit yes
Technique Peritoneal drainage yes

Prevention[edit | edit source]

Screening and Others
Type Name Availibility Uses per year
Facility Lung cancer screening program yes 1400 patients
Facility Breast cancer screening program yes
Facility Cervical cancer screening program yes
Facility Colorectal cancer screening program yes
Facility Smoking detoxification center yes

Quality of Life[edit | edit source]

Quality of Life
Type Name Availibility Uses per year
Facility Supportive care unit yes
Facility Phone/mail contact service yes
Facility Survivorship program yes

Palliative Care[edit | edit source]

Palliative Care
Type Name Availibility Uses per year
Facility Hospice unit (in the hospital structure or affiliated) yes
Facility Home palliative care availability yes

hasCancerType::C00-D48: All neoplasms hasCancerType::C00-C97: All cancer types hasCancerType::C00-C14: Mouth/throat cancers hasCancerType::C15-C26: Digestive system cancers hasCancerType::C30-C39: Lung/chest cancers hasCancerType::C40-C41: Bone cancers hasCancerType::C43-C44: Skin cancers/melanoma hasCancerType::C45-C49: Soft tissue cancer hasCancerType::C50: Breast cancer hasCancerType::C51-C58: Female genitalia cancers hasCancerType::C60-C63: Male genitalia cancer hasCancerType::C64-C68: Urinary system cancers hasCancerType::C69-C72: Eye and brain cancer hasCancerType::C73-C75: Thyroid and other gland cancers hasCancerType::C76-C80: Cancers of unknown or unspecified areas hasCancerType::C81-C96: Cancers of the blood and immune system hasCancerType::C97-C97: Cancers in multiple locations from the start hasCancerType::D00-D09: Early-stage cancers not yet spread hasCancerType::D10-D36: Benign tumour hasCancerType::D37-D48: Growths of uncertain nature hasCancerType::unknown isScreening