PDL1

Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a protein that plays a significant role in the immune system's ability to regulate its response to prevent attacking normal cells. PD-L1 is often expressed on the surface of cancer cells, where it binds to the PD-1 receptor on T-cells, effectively turning off the immune response against the tumour. This mechanism allows cancer cells to evade immune detection and destruction. In clinical oncology, testing for PD-L1 expression helps guide immunotherapy treatments, particularly with drugs known as checkpoint inhibitors. These therapies block the interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1, enabling the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells more effectively. Assessing PD-L1 levels in tumours is essential for determining the suitability of immunotherapy and improving patient outcomes.