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  • 18:22, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Urological surgery (Created page with "Urological surgery encompasses a variety of surgical procedures that address conditions affecting the urinary tract and the male reproductive organs. These surgeries can range from minimally invasive procedures, such as ureteroscopy for kidney stones and transurethral resection for prostate issues, to more complex operations like nephrectomy for kidney cancer or cystectomy for bladder cancer. Urological surgeries aim to alleviate symptoms, treat infections, remove tumors...")
  • 18:21, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Breast surgery (Created page with "Breast surgery encompasses a range of procedures aimed at diagnosing, treating, or enhancing the breasts. These surgeries can be reconstructive or cosmetic. Reconstructive breast surgery is often performed after a mastectomy due to breast cancer, helping to restore the breast's shape and appearance. This can involve breast implants or the use of tissue from other parts of the body. Cosmetic breast surgeries include augmentation to increase size, reduction to relieve disc...")
  • 18:19, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Video dermatoscopy (Created page with "Video dermatoscopy is a non-invasive diagnostic technique used to examine and monitor skin lesions with high precision. This procedure involves using a dermatoscope, which is equipped with a video camera, to capture magnified images of the skin's surface. These images are then displayed on a screen, allowing dermatologists to assess features of moles, freckles, and other skin abnormalities in great detail. Video dermatoscopy is particularly valuable in the early detectio...")
  • 18:19, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Hysteroscopy (Created page with "A hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure used to examine the inside of the uterus. During this procedure, a thin, lighted tube called a hysteroscope is inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterine cavity. This allows doctors to diagnose and sometimes treat conditions such as abnormal bleeding, polyps, fibroids, or adhesions. Hysteroscopy can also be used to investigate the causes of infertility or repeated miscarriages. The procedure is typically done...")
  • 18:10, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Vulvoscopy (Created page with "A vulvoscopy is a medical examination that focuses on the vulva, the external part of the female genitalia, to detect abnormalities or disease. This procedure uses a colposcope, a special magnifying device, to provide a detailed view of the vulvar skin and mucous membranes. It is typically performed when there are symptoms such as itching, pain, or visible lesions, or after an abnormal result from another test. A vulvoscopy can help diagnose conditions like vulvar dyspla...")
  • 18:10, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Colposcopy (Created page with "A colposcopy is a diagnostic procedure used to closely examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva for signs of disease. This procedure is often performed when a Pap smear result is abnormal. During a colposcopy, a healthcare provider uses a colposcope, a special magnifying instrument, to view the tissues in greater detail. If any areas look unusual, a small tissue sample (biopsy) may be taken for further analysis. The procedure is generally quick and can be done in a doctor's...")
  • 18:10, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page COMPREHENSIVE MOLECULAR PANELS (Created page with "Comprehensive molecular panels are advanced diagnostic tests that analyze multiple genes simultaneously to detect genetic mutations and alterations associated with various diseases, particularly cancers. These panels provide detailed information about the genetic makeup of a tumor, helping doctors to understand its behavior and choose the most effective targeted therapies. By examining a wide range of genetic markers, comprehensive molecular panels offer a personalized a...")
  • 18:08, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page ROS (Created page with "ROS1 is a gene that encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in cell growth and differentiation. Alterations in ROS1, such as gene fusions, are found in a subset of cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer and certain types of sarcomas. These fusions lead to the production of abnormal ROS1 proteins that drive uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumor growth. Identifying ROS1 gene fusions in tumors is crucial for guiding treatment decisions, as targeted therapies,...")
  • 18:07, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page ALK (Created page with "ALK, or Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase, is a gene that encodes a protein involved in cell growth and development. Genetic alterations in ALK, such as rearrangements and fusions, are found in various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and some pediatric neuroblastomas. These alterations lead to the production of abnormal ALK proteins that drive uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumor growth. Detecting ALK alterations is crucial fo...")
  • 18:05, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page EGFR (Created page with "EGFR, or Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, is a protein found on the surface of cells that helps regulate cell growth, survival, and division. Mutations and overexpression of the EGFR gene are common in various cancers, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, and head and neck cancers. These alterations lead to continuous activation of the EGFR protein, promoting uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumor development. Identifying EGFR mutations in tumors is...")
  • 18:05, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page MET (Created page with "MET is a gene that encodes for a receptor tyrosine kinase known as hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR). This protein plays a crucial role in cell growth, survival, and regeneration. Abnormal activation of MET, through mutations, amplifications, or overexpression, is associated with various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and gastric cancer. Such alterations can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and metastasis. Detecting MET...")
  • 18:05, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page RET (Created page with "RET is a gene that encodes for a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Mutations and fusions involving the RET gene can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and are implicated in various cancers, including medullary thyroid cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and some forms of colorectal cancer. Identifying RET alterations in tumors is vital for determining the best course of treatment, as targeted therapies known as RET inhi...")
  • 18:04, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page NTRK (Created page with "NTRK (Neurotrophic Tyrosine Receptor Kinase) genes encode for a family of proteins known as Trk receptors, which are involved in the development and function of the nervous system. Fusions of NTRK genes, where part of the NTRK gene merges with another gene, can lead to the production of abnormal proteins that drive cancer growth. These gene fusions are found in various types of cancers, including certain rare pediatric cancers and some common adult tumors. Identifying NT...")
  • 18:03, 21 May 2024 Francine talk contribs moved page Variables: DHIR National Cancer Register to Data Dictionary: DHIR National Cancer Register
  • 18:02, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page BRAF (Created page with "BRAF is a gene that encodes a protein called B-Raf, which is part of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway involved in regulating cell growth and division. Mutations in the BRAF gene, particularly the V600E mutation, are commonly found in various cancers, including melanoma, colorectal, and thyroid cancers. These mutations lead to the continuous activation of the B-Raf protein, driving uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumor growth. Detecting BRAF mutations in cancer patients...")
  • 18:02, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page KRAS (Created page with "KRAS is a gene that encodes a protein involved in cell signaling pathways that regulate cell growth, division, and survival. Mutations in the KRAS gene are among the most common genetic alterations in cancers, particularly in pancreatic, colorectal, and lung cancers. These mutations result in the continuous activation of the KRAS protein, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumor development. Identifying KRAS mutations in tumors is crucial for determining the...")
  • 18:02, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page PIK3CA (Created page with "PIK3CA is a gene that encodes for a subunit of the enzyme phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which is involved in crucial cellular processes such as growth, proliferation, and survival. Mutations in the PIK3CA gene are commonly found in various types of cancers, including breast, colorectal, and endometrial cancers. These mutations can lead to the overactivation of the PI3K pathway, promoting uncontrolled cell division and tumor growth. Detecting PIK3CA mutations in c...")
  • 18:01, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page PDL1 (Created page with "Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a protein that plays a significant role in the immune system's ability to regulate its response to prevent attacking normal cells. PD-L1 is often expressed on the surface of cancer cells, where it binds to the PD-1 receptor on T-cells, effectively turning off the immune response against the tumor. This mechanism allows cancer cells to evade immune detection and destruction. In clinical oncology, testing for PD-L1 expression helps guid...")
  • 16:53, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page KI-67 (Created page with "KI-67 is a protein found in the nucleus of cells that serves as a key marker for cell proliferation. This protein is present during all active phases of the cell cycle but is absent in resting (non-dividing) cells, making it a valuable indicator of cell growth. In clinical settings, KI-67 is commonly used in pathology to assess the growth rate of tumors. By measuring the proportion of KI-67-positive cells in a tissue sample, doctors can determine how quickly a tumor is l...")
  • 16:53, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page PGR (Created page with "Progestogen Receptor (PGR), also known as the progesterone receptor, is a protein found within cells that binds to the hormone progesterone. This receptor plays a crucial role in regulating various reproductive processes, including the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis. When progesterone binds to the PGR, it activates the receptor, which then influences the expression of specific genes that control reproductive tissue function. Understanding the mechanisms of...")
  • 16:52, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Cytogenetics (Created page with "Cytogenetics is the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of chromosomes, which are the thread-like structures containing DNA within cells. By examining chromosomes under a microscope, cytogenetic techniques can identify genetic abnormalities such as extra, missing, or rearranged chromosomes that can cause various genetic disorders and diseases, including cancers and congenital conditions. Techniques like karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridizati...")
  • 16:52, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Techniques for molecular pathology (Created page with "Techniques for molecular pathology are advanced methods used to study diseases at the molecular level, focusing on the genetic and biochemical mechanisms underlying various conditions. These techniques include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), next-generation sequencing (NGS), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and immunohistochemistry. By analyzing DNA, RNA, and protein samples, molecular pathology can identify genetic mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, and pr...")
  • 16:52, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Histochemistry (Created page with "Histochemistry is a technique used to study the chemical composition of cells and tissues through microscopic analysis. By applying specific stains or dyes that react with particular cellular components, histochemistry allows scientists and medical professionals to visualize and differentiate structures such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. This method is crucial in diagnosing diseases, understanding tissue architecture, and identifying abnormal cha...")
  • 14:58, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Immunofluorescence techniques (Created page with "Immunofluorescence techniques are specialized laboratory methods used to visualize the presence and distribution of specific proteins or other molecules within cells and tissues using antibodies linked to fluorescent dyes. When these antibodies bind to their target molecules, they emit light under a fluorescence microscope, allowing scientists and medical professionals to observe and study biological structures with high precision. This technique is invaluable in diagnos...")
  • 14:58, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Liquid biopsy (Created page with "Liquid biopsy is an innovative, minimally invasive test that analyzes a small sample of blood to detect cancer and other diseases. Unlike traditional tissue biopsies, which require surgery to obtain a sample, liquid biopsies can be performed with a simple blood draw. This test identifies circulating tumor cells or fragments of tumor DNA in the bloodstream, providing valuable information about the presence and progression of cancer. Liquid biopsies offer several advantage...")
  • 14:58, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) (Created page with "Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a powerful and precise laboratory technique used to amplify small segments of DNA, making it possible to generate millions of copies from a tiny sample. This method is crucial in various medical and biological applications, such as diagnosing genetic disorders, detecting infectious diseases, and identifying genetic material in forensic investigations. PCR works by cycling through a series of temperature changes that enable the DNA to be...")
  • 14:58, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) (Created page with "Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) is an advanced molecular technique used to identify and visualize specific DNA sequences within chromosomes. By using fluorescently labeled probes that bind to particular genetic regions, FISH can detect and localize genetic abnormalities such as duplications, deletions, or translocations that may be associated with cancers and genetic disorders. The fluorescent signals are viewed under a specialized microscope, providing clear,...")
  • 14:57, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) (Created page with "Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) is a sophisticated molecular technique used to detect and analyze genetic variations and abnormalities within a genome. By comparing a patient's DNA sample to a reference genome, CGH can identify gains or losses of DNA segments, which may indicate conditions such as cancer or genetic disorders. This method involves labeling DNA from both samples with different fluorescent dyes, allowing researchers to visualize and quantify the dif...")
  • 14:56, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Histopathology laboratory (Created page with "A histopathology laboratory is a specialized facility where tissue samples are examined under a microscope to diagnose diseases and understand their progression. After a biopsy or surgical procedure, tissues are processed, stained, and meticulously analyzed by pathologists to detect abnormalities, such as cancerous cells or signs of infection. This detailed examination provides critical insights into the nature and severity of diseases, guiding doctors in developing prec...")
  • 14:56, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Electron microscopy (Created page with "Electron microscopy is a powerful imaging technique that uses a beam of electrons to obtain highly detailed and magnified images of biological and non-biological specimens at the nanometer scale. Unlike traditional light microscopy, which is limited by the wavelength of light, electron microscopy can reveal the intricate structures within cells, viruses, and tissues, providing a much higher resolution. This makes it an invaluable tool in medical research and diagnostics,...")
  • 14:56, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Sentinel node scintigraphy (Created page with "Sentinel node scintigraphy is a specialized imaging procedure used to identify the sentinel lymph node, the first node to which cancer cells are likely to spread from a primary tumor. During the procedure, a small amount of radioactive tracer is injected near the tumor site. This tracer travels to the sentinel node, which can then be detected using a gamma camera. The accurate identification of the sentinel node helps doctors determine the extent of cancer spread and dec...")
  • 14:55, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page SPECT CT (Created page with "Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography combined with Computed Tomography (SPECT CT) is an advanced diagnostic tool that merges the functional imaging of SPECT with the detailed anatomical imaging of CT. By administering a small amount of radioactive tracer, SPECT CT provides comprehensive 3D images that reveal how blood flows to tissues and organs, as well as detailed anatomical structures. This combination enhances the accuracy of diagnoses for conditions such as ca...")
  • 14:55, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page SPECT (Created page with "Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) is an advanced imaging technique used to create detailed, three-dimensional pictures of internal organs and tissues. By injecting a small amount of radioactive material into the bloodstream, SPECT scans can track the material's movement and concentration within the body, providing crucial information about blood flow, the functionality of organs, and the presence of abnormalities such as tumors or brain disorders. This n...")
  • 14:55, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Radionuclide treatment facilities (Created page with "Radionuclide treatment facilities are specialized medical centers equipped to provide radionuclide therapy, a treatment that uses radioactive substances to target and destroy cancer cells or alleviate symptoms of certain diseases. These facilities are designed with advanced safety measures to handle and administer radioactive materials safely. Treatments commonly offered include radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) for neur...")
  • 14:54, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page PET/MRI (Created page with "PET/MRI is an advanced imaging technique that combines positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to provide detailed pictures of the body's internal structures and metabolic processes. During a PET/MRI scan, the patient is injected with a small amount of radioactive tracer that highlights areas of high metabolic activity, often associated with cancer cells. The MRI component offers high-resolution images of soft tissues, organs, and other st...")
  • 14:54, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Angiography (Created page with "Angiography is a medical imaging procedure used to visualize the inside of blood vessels and organs, particularly the arteries, veins, and heart chambers. During angiography, a contrast dye is injected into the bloodstream, making the blood vessels visible on X-ray images. The procedure is often performed to diagnose conditions such as blockages, aneurysms, and other vascular abnormalities. It involves inserting a thin, flexible tube called a catheter into a blood vessel...")
  • 14:54, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) (Created page with "A vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) is a minimally invasive procedure used to obtain tissue samples from suspicious areas within the breast for diagnostic purposes. During VABB, a needle connected to a vacuum device is inserted into the breast tissue, guided by imaging techniques such as mammography, ultrasound, or MRI. This allows for the collection of multiple tissue samples through a single small incision, reducing the need for multiple needle insertions. The proce...")
  • 14:53, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page EBUS-TBNA (Created page with "Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a minimally invasive procedure used to diagnose lung and mediastinal (chest) conditions, including lung cancer, infections, and other diseases. During EBUS-TBNA, a flexible bronchoscope equipped with an ultrasound probe is inserted through the mouth into the trachea and bronchi. This allows doctors to visualize the structures and lymph nodes within and around the airways in real-time. Using t...")
  • 14:53, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Intraductal ultrasound diagnosis of biliary tract strictures (IDUS) (Created page with "Intraductal ultrasound (IDUS) is an advanced diagnostic procedure used to evaluate biliary tract strictures, providing detailed images of the bile ducts. During IDUS, a thin ultrasound probe is inserted through an endoscope into the bile ducts, allowing for high-resolution imaging from within the duct itself. This technique is especially useful for distinguishing between benign and malignant strictures, guiding further treatment decisions. IDUS is often performed in conj...")
  • 14:53, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (Created page with "Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a specialized procedure used to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the bile ducts, gallbladder, and pancreas. During ERCP, a flexible tube called an endoscope is inserted through the mouth and guided through the digestive tract to the small intestine. From there, a contrast dye is injected into the bile and pancreatic ducts, allowing detailed X-ray images to be taken. This procedure can identify blockages, sto...")
  • 14:52, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Stereotactic biopsy (Created page with "A stereotactic biopsy is a minimally invasive procedure used to obtain a tissue sample from a specific area within the body, often the brain or breast, for diagnostic purposes. Guided by advanced imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, or mammography, this method allows doctors to precisely locate and target the abnormal tissue. The procedure involves a small incision through which a needle is inserted to collect the sample, ensuring minimal disruption to surrounding tissues...")
  • 14:52, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Ultrasound-Guided Transcutaneous Tru-Cut Biopsy (USGTCB) (Created page with "An Ultrasound-Guided Transcutaneous Tru-Cut Biopsy (USGTCB) is a minimally invasive procedure used to obtain tissue samples from the body for diagnostic purposes. During this procedure, real-time ultrasound imaging guides the insertion of a special biopsy needle through the skin to the target area, such as a suspicious mass or abnormal tissue. The needle then retrieves a small core of tissue for examination under a microscope. USGTCB is commonly used to diagnose conditio...")
  • 14:51, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Gamma Camera (Created page with "A Gamma Camera is a specialized imaging device used in nuclear medicine to visualize the distribution of radioactive tracers within the body. This device detects gamma radiation emitted by these tracers, which are typically injected into a patient’s bloodstream, allowing for detailed imaging of organs and tissues. Gamma cameras are crucial for diagnosing and monitoring various conditions, including cancers, heart disease, and bone disorders. By providing functional ima...")
  • 14:48, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page High-intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) (Created page with "===High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU)=== High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is an advanced, non-invasive medical treatment that uses focused ultrasound waves to target and treat specific areas within the body. By concentrating high-frequency sound waves on a precise location, HIFU generates heat that can destroy diseased tissue, such as tumors, without damaging surrounding healthy tissues. This technique is used in various medical fields, including oncology...")
  • 14:48, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Digitalised imaging (RIS) (Created page with "===Digitalised Imaging (RIS)=== A Radiology Information System (RIS) is a comprehensive database used by medical professionals to manage and streamline radiology workflows. This system efficiently handles various tasks such as scheduling patient appointments, tracking radiology imaging orders, storing diagnostic reports, and billing. RIS integrates seamlessly with other hospital systems like PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) and electronic health records...")
  • 14:47, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Digitalised imaging (PACS) (Created page with "===Digitalised Imaging (PACS)=== A Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) is a medical imaging technology used for storing, retrieving, managing, and sharing diagnostic images electronically. PACS replaces traditional film-based images with digital versions, allowing healthcare providers to access and review images such as X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, and ultrasounds from any location. This system enhances the efficiency and quality of patient care by facilitating...")
  • 14:46, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Slices per machine (CT) (Created page with "Slices (CT) CT slices, also known as computed tomography slices or cross-sectional images, are detailed pictures of the inside of the body taken using a CT scanner. This technology works by rotating an X-ray beam around the body to capture multiple images from different angles. These images are then processed by a computer to create thin, slice-like sections of the body, allowing doctors to see bones, organs, and tissues with great clarity. CT slices are invaluable in di...")
  • 14:32, 21 May 2024 Victor talk contribs created page Glossary (Created page with "CT scanners slices per machine (CT) MRI Mammography Digitalised imaging (PACS) Digitalised imaging (RIS) Ultrasound High-intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Gamma Camera MRI-guided biopsy Ultrasound-Guided Transcutaneous Tru-Cut Biopsy (USGTCB) Stereotactic biopsy Ultrasound guided biopsy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Intraductal ultrasound diagnosis of biliary tract stricture...")
  • 18:03, 20 May 2024 Francine talk contribs moved page Patients Communities (Lithuania) to Patient Associations: Patients Communities (Lithuania)
  • 16:12, 20 May 2024 Francine talk contribs created page Data Dictionary: Database: Activities of in-patient beds (Created page with "Go back to Database: Activities of in-patient beds (Lithuania) page Source: [https://stat.hi.lt/user-report-view.aspx?group_id=28 Click here to learn more] {| class="wikitable" |- ! scope="col" | Variables |- | Number of hospital beds according to groups of bed profiles (specialties) |- | Number of beds at the end of the year |- | Number of beds at the end of the year per 10,000 inhabitants |- | Average annual number of beds |- | Number of patients, Number of hospi...")
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